Clockwise from top left: Citizs helping to remove debris from a collapsed building in Mexico City; Major damage in the Morelos municipality of Jojutla; A partially collapsed building in Mexico City; The Grand Park fountain in Los Angeles is lit up in the colors of the Mexican flag in recognition of the victims of the earthquake.
The 2017 Puebla earthquake struck at 13:14 CDT (18:14 UTC) on 19 September 2017 with an estimated magnitude of Mw 7.1 and strong shaking for about 20 seconds. Its epicter was about 55 km (34 mi) south of the city of Puebla, Mexico. The earthquake caused damage in the Mexican states of Puebla and Morelos and in the Greater Mexico City area, including the collapse of more than 40 buildings.
The quake coincidtally occurred on the 32nd anniversary of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed around 10, 000 people. The 1985 quake was commemorated, and a national earthquake drill was held, at 11 a.m. local time, just two hours before the 2017 earthquake.
Tectonic plates of Mexico. Visible in the image is most of the North American contint, along with Ctral America. Mexico is located in the lower middle part of the picture, to the right of the Cocos plate.
Mexico is one of the world's most seismically active regions, sitting atop several intersecting tectonic plates. The border betwe the Cocos Plate and North American Plate, along the Pacific Coast of Mexico, creates a subduction zone that gerates large seismic evts.
Activity along the edges of the Rivera and Caribbean plates also gerate seismic evts. All together, these seismic forces cause an average of 40 earthquakes a day in Mexico.
Mexico City is built on a dry lakebed with soft soil made up of sand and clay, which amplifies the destruction that major earthquakes cause.
Loose sedimts near the surface slow the shockwaves' speed from about 2.4 kilometres per second (8, 600 km/h; 1.5 mi/s) to roughly 45 metres per second (160 km/h; 150 ft/s).
Less than two weeks before the Puebla earthquake, Mexico had be struck by an earthquake in Chiapas on 7 September, which killed almost 100 people. Despite its close timing, the Puebla earthquake was not an aftershock of the Chiapas evt, as the epicters were 650 km (400 mi) apart.
The possibility of a link betwe the earthquakes was being investigated in the days after the second one. Big earthquakes can increase the long-term risk of seismic activity by transferring "static stress" to adjact faults, but only at a distance of up to four times the lgth of the original rupture. In the 19 September earthquake, static stress transfer was considered unlikely due to the distance betwe the earthquakes, in excess of the expected 400 km maximum. "Dynamic triggering", with seismic waves propagating from one quake affecting other faults, may operate at much longer distances, but usually happs within hours or a few days of the triggering quake; a 12-day gap is hard to explain.
19 September is designated as a day of remembrance for the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed approximately 10, 000 people. Every year at 11 a.m., a national earthquake drill is conducted by the governmt through the use of public loudspeakers located throughout Mexico City.
According to the National Seismological Service (SSN) of Mexico, the epicter was located 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Axochiapan, Morelos, and 120 km (75 mi) from Mexico City.
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the epicter 5 km (3.1 mi) E of San Juan Raboso and reported a measuremt of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intsity scale.
However the geral experice in the capital was that the alarm and cellphone alerts started only a few seconds before, or during the quake.
25 of the early-warning seismic ssors detected the earthquake, and alerts were also provided to Oaxaca, Acapulco, Chilpancingo, and Puebla, with lead times stated to range from 12 to 48 seconds.
At least 74 people were killed in the state of Morelos, 220 in Mexico City, 45 in Puebla, 13 in the State of Mexico, 6 in the state of Guerrero and one in the state of Oaxaca.
In Mexico City, the bodies of 26 studts and four instructors were pulled from the rubble of the rique C. Rébsam school; 30 studts and 8 adults were still unaccounted for as of the eving of 19 September
The Mexico City campus of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education suffered damage, with at least 5 people killed and 40 injured.
With more than 4, 500 injured. By place, 220 were killed in Mexico City, 74 in the state of Morelos, 45 in Puebla, 15 in Mexico State, six in Guerrero, and one in Oaxaca.
An investigation published in October 2017 revealed that since 2012 there had be over 6, 000 complaints about construction violations in Mexico City, with no public record of how many were followed up. Many of the buildings complained about collapsed in the 19 September earthquake. After the earthquake the Urban Developmt and Housing Secretariat (Seduvi) did not respond to requests for information on responses to complaints. Local activists called the construction system totally corrupt, and said that some developers circumvt building regulations, and city authorities frequtly ignore complaints.
Mónica García Villegas, the owner of Colegio Rébsam in Mexico City where 26 people including 19 childr died wh the building collapsed, was found guilty on September 17, 2020 of "culpable homicide" for ignoring safety regulations. The Mexico City prosecutor (FGJ-CdMx) asked for 57 years of prison.
The casualties included eight foreigners, including four Taiwanese wom, a Korean man, a Spanish man, a Panamanian woman and an Argtine man.
A second church, which was built in the 17th ctury, fell in Atzala during a baptism, killing 11 people including a baby.
At least 44 buildings collapsed in Mexico City due to the earthquake, trapping people inside, creating large plumes of dust, and starting fires.
Condesa, Roma and del Valle neighbourhoods were among those most affected in the zone: a building located on Álvaro Obregón Avue collapsed, and several buildings on Ámsterdam Avue suffered damage.
Comisión Federal de Electricidad, the national electric utility, reported that 4.78 million customers lost power in Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, State of Mexico, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico City—roughly 35% of the company's customers in those states. However, none of the gerating stations in the region sustained structural damage.
Mexico City International Airport suspded operations while damage assessmts took place, but reoped at 4:00 p.m. CDT (2100 UTC). 180 flights were cancelled or diverted during the closure.
A plane carrying Presidt rique Peña Nieto, returning from touring damage in Oaxaca from the earlier Chiapas earthquake, was diverted to Santa Lucía Air Force Base.
Mexico City Metro service was temporarily cancelled on several subway lines due to a power failure, but restored by 17:30, offering free service to stranded passgers.
The Mexican Army and Mexican Navy deployed 3, 000 active-duty troops to Mexico City through the DN-III-E and Plan Marina emergcy response plans. The troops were tasked with debris cleanup, search and rescue, and security missions. Additionally, the Secretariat of National Defce moved eight helicopters to Mexico City, and activated 3 shelters in the affected areas.
A damage survey by American structural gineers revealed that a number of collapsed buildings had be erected in the 1960s and 1970s with unreinforced masonry walls confined by non-ductile concrete frames.
Mexico's political parties offered to help victims in differt ways, including the diverting some of the money they receive from the governmt for their campaigns.
After months of debate and legal challges, the donations were: PRI US$5, 792, 000, PAN US$2, 479, 000, PVEM US$524, 000, Movimito Ciudadano US$2, 529, 000, cutro Social US$506, 000, PRD US$1, 239, 000, and Nueva Alianza US$2, 081, 000; Mora and PT did not specify how much they would donate. Although these amounts were not reported to the national election board Instituto Nacional Electoral.
In response to the earthquake and the preceding one in Oaxaca, by the d of September 501 rescue workers, 32 search dogs, equipmt, and over 440 tonnes of humanitarian aid had be st to Mexico from over 27 countries around the world.
Among the countries that came to Mexico's aid were Argtina, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Panama, Peru, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Switzerland, Turkey, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, the Vatican, and Vezuela, with aid coming from the United Nations and the European Union, as well.
Including gineers, to help in the aftermath of the earthquake. The contingt had special dispsation to travel during the Rosh Hashanah holiday, normally forbidd under religious law.
The Japan International Cooperation Agcy st a disaster relief team of 72 search-and-rescue personnel, four search dogs and five tons of equipmt with personnel from the Japan Disaster Relief Team, Tokyo Fire Departmt and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police's SAR officers.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country remarked that it was a show of thanks, as Mexico had st a search team to help Japan during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Turkish state aid agcy TİKA st humanitarian aid – including packages containing hygiic and medical supplies prepared in coordination with the Mexican Red Cross – to Mexico City and Xochimilco.
The U.S. Agcy for International Developmt deployed
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